Hewlett Packard: Porters Five Forces, SWOT and PEST

Hewlett Packard: Porters Five Forces, SWOT and PEST 1.0 Background The association being picked to do such change process examination is the PC business and the association organization in center is genially with respect to HP Computers. Along these lines, change forms in business associations includes the truth behind each procedure and is considered as an every day cycle in managing to different issues and worries of the association as it relies upon the administrations activities and its regarded difference in nature in managing viable change the executives as coordinated at conquering outrage and disdain advancing into a program that underpins acknowledgment and disguise. As an advisor remarking on the authoritative change process picking HP association as the point of convergence for conversation and investigation for this introduction, job to the association is to have a reasonable accentuation managing to the outside and inward change drivers and other basic focuses required for the acknowledgment of direction for this report introduction for the senior administration of the HP in giving verifiable data that will have the option to give a superior considerable suddenness of comprehension of such hierarchical state required for choice and the utilization of the fitting administration models just as ideas in essence. This paper used HP Corporation as the model association to survey its current dreams for restored association and how they managed basic circumstances. From the investigation, key patterns in the change procedures of HP Corporation were then distinguished, how they worked and their viability in managing basic circumstances was discovered. The paper at that point proceeded onward to survey these change systems concerning their reasonableness to basic circumstances, during which the inside capacities of these change procedures according to the methodology being trailed by HP Corporation was resolved moreover. A general examination of the presentation and adequacy of the change systems was likewise directed to survey and think about the capacities of these change methodologies with those of others. Holes in the change abilities and condition were then recognized. At last, a few selections of procedures to improve the change methodologies of HP Corporation as compelling methods in basic circumstances were suggested and assessed as far as suitability to the issues evaluated, practicality in doing the alternatives and agreeableness inside the key partners and leaders. A few key execution issues identified with overseeing key change were tended to too. 2.0 Introduction: Ordinarily, the idea of authoritative change is as to association wide change, rather than littler changes, for example, including a renewed individual, adjusting a program, and so forth. Instances of association wide change may remember a change for strategic, tasks (e.g., rebuilding to self-guided groups, cutbacks, and so on.), new innovations, mergers, significant coordinated efforts, rightsizing, new projects, for example, Total Quality Management, re-designing, and so on. A few specialists allude to hierarchical change. Regularly this term assigns a crucial and radical reorientation in the manner the association works. Change can be characterized as the proficient and powerful usage of the approaches and errands vital after takeover or converging of at least one organizations or associations. Change the executives centers around the cautious administration of the procedures associated with the continuous change of the new administration and its workforce. As a rule, the recently blended or obtained business elements dont truly have a simple time acclimating to the progressions achieved by the procurement or dominate. Therefore, these substances take part in exercises that are some way or another opposing to changes. In this manner, the significant exercises of the organization, for example, the assembling of items, item advancement, creation and dispersion become seriously hampered. Be that as it may, change manages all activities done inside organizations and associations. Exercises, for example, the administration of buys, the control of inventories, coordinations and assessments are frequently the focal point of progress. A lot of accentuation lies on the productivity and viability of procedures. Hence, change incorporates the investigation and the executives of inward procedures. 3.0 Hewlett-Packard (HP) SWOT Analysis: 3.1 Strengths: The new item offering New development for RD Serious Price After deals administration 3.2 Weaknesses: Interior control issues Absence of in-house the executives counseling division No forceful interests in RD contrasted with chronicled spending Turmoil among inward representatives because of pay cuts and absence of individuals care Scholarly Capital is under evaluated No Decent People maintenance strategy or HR practices to guarantee IC is secured 3.3 Opportunities: Developing markets, especially nations web based business extension Rebuilding of interior IT structure Imaging and printing organizations 3.4 Threats: Extraordinary rivalry from other PC producers Expanding rivalry on imaging and printing Log jam in financial conditions Item reviews and gracefully chain disturbances 4.0 Hewlett-Packard (HP) Porters five powers Analysis: 4.1 Rivalry inside the Industry: The middle region speaks to the contention in the business. On the left are the principle conventional players in the business, with a sign that there is a lot of solidification happening between these organizations. On the privilege are the regions where the market is being battled. In the fundamental access/essential administrations field, numerous organizations are offering a similar arrangement access and fundamental administrations, thus those that are doing it more inexpensively than others will draw in clients. Something else, ISPs should offer something uncommon to separate them from others. 4.2 Threat of Substitute Products: There is a gigantic fascination for organizations other than offer PC adornments and administrations, particularly on the off chance that they realize they can enter the market at a significant level. Contenders have the assets and PC adornments realize that how will generally be effective in this industry. They are additionally mindful of the dangers of not being a piece of this industry, and are entering at a gigantic rate, either by securing, combining, or basically. 4.3 Threat of New Entrants: Because of the idea of the PC advertise, the danger of new participants is sensibly solid. There are low obstructions to passage all that is expected to become is a modest quantity of capital and some specialized skill. A significant part of the movement can be redistributed, which can decrease starting expenses. 4.4 Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The providers are those that own the systems. These tend and spine suppliers. Spine suppliers for the most part own what is the supreme spine of the Internet, and control steering and exchanging of traffic. Own the nearby circle copper sets, which most clients use to interface and the lines that rent to associate with the Internet, and a great part of the Internet spine. 4.5 Bargaining Power of Buyers: Albeit an individual customer has practically no state about how much an ISP charges, because of the competition inside the market, ISPs for the most part bring to the table their administrations at sensible costs. They will lose their client base in the event that they charge more for an assistance another person gives all the more inexpensively. Exchanging costs are low, thus beat rates are high. 5.0 The External Environment A PEST Analysis of Hewlett-Packard (HP): A PEST (Political, Economic, Sociological and Technological) investigation is an output of the outside condition to attempt to spot changes that may affect upon business. These progressions may be viewed as circumstances or dangers. 5.1 P Political: HP works as a worldwide business inside 145 nations around the world. It is sorted out into three worldwide business bunches which generally compare. HP is dependent upon different provincial guidelines and approaches inside the related exchanging squares. The key variables at play incorporate exchange guidelines and duties, lawful system for Intellectual property and agreement requirement. The coming of globalization has alleviated against the more antagonistic effects of such approaches, Europe to America and Visa Versa. What's more, Japan and China and Korea are huge significant markets for HP and general development to free markets has energized extending exchange here. 5.2 E Economic: HP is legitimately affected by general financial patterns. The Server, PC and capacity business are indicators of general business monetary atmosphere, for instance the 2001 innovation crash affected different territories of these specialty units. Additionally the versatile PC business, printer and ink business are legitimately attached to shopper spending and conclusion. The class kickoff customer advertise is an extremely huge part of the HP deals in summer months. HP is a full grown organization and with lower than normal representative wearing down rates, especially inside the United States, this maturing workforce has negative money related ramifications for benefits and downstream Medicare costs. 5.3 S Sociological: HP is dependent upon various full scale social patterns. One key pattern is the market and political spotlight on green issues. HP as a huge ink and printer maker, individuals utilize a great deal of paper and ink with HP items so its aberrant carbon impression is enormous. Additionally as the universes biggest PC and PC maker, HP should address possibly stricter ecological approaches in the coming years. We as of now have seen ongoing European enactment concerning end of life removal for buyer white merchandise. There is an enormous change in social cooperation with innovation, remote and versatility are currently key item and client requested properties. People groups desires identifying with innovation are quickening. Individuals are likewise utilizing innovation in new manners, HP must guide and keep up intelligibility with these social patterns to be fruitful. 5.4 T Technological: As HP is an innovation undertaking, there are numerous full scale factors having an effect on everything in this categor

Children with Learning Disabilities free essay sample

Presently I comprehend what it feels like to have a learning incapacity by encountering firsthand a portion of the errands in the Web website areas â€Å"Attention†,† Reading†, †Writing†, and â€Å"Mathematics†. As a parental figure, older sibling, and aunt, I have firsthand managed kids with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), or Hyperactive. Consideration shortage is one of the most broadly utilized expressions with regards to learning issues, however it might likewise be one of the most widely recognized misdiagnoses† (WGBH Educational Foundation (2002). Misconstrued minds. ) As a sitter at 14 years of age I cared for a youngster with (ADHD); he was incredibly occupied, yet when he had the option to draw or be imaginative with paints as well as montages, he was OK. I had no issue with him, yet his mom said two different sitters would not like to be annoyed. I just truly loathed when his mom had him on Medication (Ritalin), it made him detached. We will compose a custom paper test on Kids with Learning Disabilities or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page At any rate I accept now and a tad in those days that he was misdiagnosed. As preschool instructor I showed 4 ? - multi year olds. I had an understudy that was determined to have (ADHD), this 3year old child was taking drugs, he had gotten expelled from two distinct schools for his horrendous conduct, and two classes at my school. I was his final hotel. In my study hall he exceeded expectations, in light of the fact that through research by his folks and myself and help with medicine. We discovered that he was not just exhausted with our educational plan his acumen was amazing. It interesting that my parent use to tell my sister who was exceptionally hyperactive â€Å"one day you will have a youngster that is going to make you insane too† Needless to state she did and like my folks they rejected any sort of meds. They chipped away at their conduct by keeping them dynamic in sports. Everything else was superfluous, in such a case that you need to play, sports you need to make passing marks. Actually I think contingent upon the earnestness a youngster with ADHD and hyperactive can be help without medicine, and aided by m Drugs (either unlawful or remedy), liquor, terrible sustenance, and the utilization of other compound substances could influence a baby’s improvement while in the belly. Natural variables can cause mental hindrance also. These incorporate things like poisons, microbes, contaminations, untimely births or troublesome births, head injury, poor postnatal sustenance, and postnatal disregard. onitoring and rebuilding their conduct. I saw the â€Å"Attention† visual action as extremely testing; shockingly I took a break. I accept in the event that I was not as spotlight on the entry about Tom I would not have gotten anything inaccurate. â€Å"Paying consideration alludes to the cerebrums capacity to take the entirety of the upgrades around us, quickly sort and arrange data as significant or immaterial, and center the brain around a certain something. (WGBH Educational Foundation (2002) â€Å"Misunderstood minds, â€Å"Attetion†) It was most intriguing experience, which satisfied me and caused me to see how interruptions can obstruct you in concentrating. I currently can see and feel how a kid who is outwardly diverted or has ADHD can't concentrate on the current tasks’. In preforming the â€Å"Reading† deciphering trouble, was incredibly troublesome. I just made sense of 2 out of 8 of phonemes. â€Å"Helping an understudy who is battling with perusing starts with understanding the troubles. As a rule, a perusing trouble speaks to a breakdown some place during the time spent figuring out how to peruse. † (WGBH Educational Foundation (2002) â€Å"Misunderstood minds, â€Å"Reading†) When my nephew was 4 years of age he had issues figuring out how to peruse. So I urge my sister to buy â€Å"Hooked on Phonics†. So for nearly the whole summer of 94’ my nephew and I worked and had a fabulous time learning phonemes. Obviously he at long last figured out how to peruse as well as he appreciates understanding more. I additionally ventured to do the â€Å"Reading† maintenance trouble, was extreme and rousing. I needed to attempt it a three times before I hold anything. I surmise my cognizance is slightly below average, however the movement was intended to be hard for anybody. â€Å"Comprehension at last relies upon the capacity to translate and ace sight words. At the point when that word acknowledgment becomes programmed youthful perusers are better ready to focus on the significance of entire sentences and passages while they read†. (WGBH Educational Foundation (2002) Misunderstood personalities, â€Å"Reading†) Comprehension is a central point in perusing, I accept â€Å"if one can't fathom what the individual in question peruses they can't hold it. Henceforth, maintenance is a central point in perusing. â€Å"Wow! † I said to myself about how disappointing and tiring it must be for kids with understanding challenges. I have consistently had the blessing to prattle even on paper. So when I took the â€Å"Writing† paper task, (Putting Ideas in arrangement. ) I was confounded, yet felt an overwhelmingly feeling of how troublesome composing must be for a kid with this sort of learning inabilities. The section I composed was totally not the same as the one they saw. Composing is a fundamental piece of being an understudy in any sort of school K-12 and past. I attempted the following action and couldn't generally follow anything, however it helped me to remember something. It’s clever that my nephew realized how to compose his name and a few words before he could understand well, since we generally had composing material’s (pencils, markers, pastels, scrabble paper, and no doubt shading books). Following words or lines, circles, squares, jot scrabble, and shading can enable most kids to figure out how to compose utilizing these great exercises. In any case a youngster with consideration issues must experience â€Å"Hell and back† figuring out how to compose, for you should have the option to focus when composing. I was at that point aggravated from the beginning when I saw the word I love to abhor MATH. Math is one of the subjects that the vast majority youthful and old either love doing, or does it since they need to, or detest it as I do. Immediately, when I was making the â€Å"Math† multi-stride issue task I was a piece annoy from the earliest starting point, anyway I did it and did reasonable. I have no reason disliking math yet in the wake of perusing troubles in the Math area, I may have an issue with (trouble understanding the visual and spatial viewpoints and perceptual challenges. In which is supposed to be â€Å"A far less normal issue and likely the most extreme is the powerlessness to adequately picture math ideas. Understudies who have this issue might be not able to pass judgment on the relative size among three different articles. (WGBH Educational Foundation (2002) Misunderstood personalities, â€Å"Math†) When I attempted the Making 3-D impedances †I bomb ed it. Thus, if nothing I would state I may have an issue in math and that is the reason I despise to such an extent. By and by, youngsters I feel totally heartbroken or kids with incapacities in math, for I may have one myself. I should state I am completely appreciative for the learning experience I had with â€Å"Misunderstood Minds†. I love learning new things so I made up this statement, â€Å"Life is a learning procedure and one can generally value discovering some new information regardless of whether you are 100 years of age. † Learning about how it feels by and by to have a learning incapacities was generally gladdening and increasing in value. Pammy Reference WGBH Educational Foundation (2002). Misjudged minds. Open Broadcasting Service (PBS) Web webpage. Recovered from http://www. pbs. organization/wgbh/misunderstoodminds/

How Antidepressants Show Up on a Drug Test

How Antidepressants Show Up on a Drug Test Depression Treatment Medication Print How Antidepressants Show Up on a Drug Test Avoiding a False Positive Result on a Drug Screen By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 16, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Kirby Hamilton/Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Drug Screen Types Antidepressants Preventing False Positives Protecting Your Privacy Preparing for the Test View All If you have depression and are taking a prescription medication like Prozac, you might worry that it could show up on a drug test. This is especially a concern if you must take a pre-employment drug screen for a new job. Because antidepressants are not considered drugs of abuse, they are not included in common urine drug screens. However, there may be cross-reactions that can produce false positive results for the substances these tests are designed to detect. Learn the actions you can take to ensure your results are interpreted accurately and your rights are protected. Types of Common Drug Screens If you are in treatment for depression, the good news is that antidepressants are not the drugs that an employer is looking for in an employment drug screen. The lab would have to do specific additional tests to look for antidepressants. The types of substances tested for on a typical employment drug screens include:?? Amphetamines, including methamphetamineBarbituratesBenzodiazepines (tranquilizers)Cannabinoids, including marijuanaCocaineDarvon (propoxyphene)MethadoneMethaqualoneOpiates, including heroin, oxycodone, and hydrocodonePhencyclidine (PCP) How Antidepressants Affect Drug Screens False positive test results can sometimes occur if a prescription drug with a similar chemical structure is broken down into some of the same components of the target drug.?? The screening test isnt always able to differentiate between a good drug like an antidepressant and a bad one like crystal meth. Some antidepressants can inadvertently trigger a false positive for a controlled substance. To avoid this, advise the tester about any drugs you may be taking so that confirmatory tests can be performed to weed out any false positive. Certain antidepressant drugs are more prone to false-positive readings. For example, Wellbutrin (bupropion), Prozac (fluoxetine), Desyrel (trazodone), and Serzone (nefazodone) can all potentially show up as amphetamines in a drug screen. Similarly, Zoloft (sertraline) may show up as a benzodiazepine. Less commonly, antidepressants have been known to trigger false positives for LSD. Preventing False Positives If you are concerned that your antidepressant might show up as a false positive, your best course of action is to be proactive. In addition to informing the technician about your antidepressant use, bring along the prescription bottle and ensure that the drug is notated on your record. It is better to declare this before the test rather than after. Due  to the risk of false positives, all drug screen results should be considered presumptive until confirmed by a second independent technique, such as liquid or gas mass spectrometry. If your drug screen is positive and a second independent test has not been done, demand that it be performed immediately, ideally with the same sample. Moreover, get a copy of both results to confirm that a different technique was used. Protecting Your Privacy Even if you are able to sort out any false positives from your drug screen, you may be concerned about the disclosure of your antidepressant drug use. In most cases, any information you share with the tester wont be included on the result. The employees at the lab and your present or future supervisor will likely have no direct contact with each other. All your employer will receive is a list of positive and negative results to the requested drug screens. Workplace harassment and discrimination for depression and other mental health conditions are prohibited under the Americans With Disabilities Act,?? but you may have valid concerns about your rights being upheld. If concerned about confidentiality, ask the tester for a copy of the companys protected health information (PHI), outlining their legal duties and  privacy practices as directed by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). Although awareness about mental health conditions such as depression has grown over the years, it is still common for people with depression to worry about the stigma associated with a depression diagnosis. It is fully understandable that you would want your depression diagnosis to be kept private, especially from a current or prospective employer. You may fear you could be discriminated against or singled out for the condition in the workplace, even with the legal protections in place. Preparing for the Test First and most importantly, do not stop taking your medications or reducing the dosage unless you are doing so under the guidance of your physician. This is true even if you are concerned about false positives. Even short-term interruptions can have serious consequences for the treatment of your condition, not least of which is antidepressant discontinuation syndrome (ADS).?? Discuss any concerns you have with your mental health provider so you can take the drug screen safely and without stress. It is also important to remember that antidepressants arent the only drugs that can trigger a false positive drug screen. Others include: Advil (ibuprofen)Aleve (naproxen)Benadryl (diphenhydramine)Cardizem (diltiazem)Dextromethorphan (found in Robitussin)Glucophage (metformin)Ritalin (methylphenidate)Sudafed (pseudoephedrine)Trandate (labetalol)Ultram (tramadol) A Word From Verywell Facing a drug screen can make anyone anxious, especially when it is required for a job. You are not alone if you feel this way. However, try not to stress unduly about taking a drug screen. Remember that false positives do happen and that most drug screening companies understand this. Simply divulge your prescriptions so that false positives can be avoided and your rights can be preserved. Debating Workplace Drug Screening

The Defense Of Marriage Act ( Doma ) - 1760 Words

In defense of marriage by John Corny, President Bill Clinton and the government were able to approve the defense of marriage act (DOMA). DOMA is defined as the union of a man and a woman which it was what mostly of the people consider to be right. The main question is if people should continue this or change? The answer is that many activists have been trying to change that definition. This changes has already begun in many states of the country , and those who supported DOMA long time ago, are not able to support marriage today. There is one thing that has never become different, it is how people think a kid is best raised by a woman and a man. However, today marriage appears to be in a general agreement that is being complicated.†¦show more content†¦Laws afford protection and equality to personal choices relating to marriage, barrier methods for pregnancy, reproduction, family relationship, child care, and guidance. Homosexual people may see self-determination on the se aspects, just as straight people do. It doesn t take an expert or the government to be involved to understand the definition of these words. The authority and the court specialists approve any circumstance. Authorized academics are widely unfavorably opponents. The most outstanding constitutional specialists on this matter are Cass Sunstein, Erwin Chemerinksky, and William Eskridge They estimate that DOMA or other long established marriage laws across the states will be unwelcome and unenforceable as not in accordance with the constitution. In addition, the actions of disapproving and eliminating long established marriage laws national has already started. A spokesperson of the Lambda legal corporation which want to stop traditional marriage laws across the states, clearly expressed that they won t give up until the same sex or gender marriage come across the entire nation. Many other democrats like John Kerry and Ted Kennedy, Rep. Jerrold Nadler, and former presidential candidat es Howard Dean and Carol Moseley Braun, all of them have refused DOMA as not in accordance with the constitution or with the rules and want DOMA to be disproved or refuted by the judicature and with no fundamental or established set of principles governing,

Bereavement And Pastoral Counseling The Loss Of A Loved...

BEREAVEMENT AND PASTORAL COUNSELING The loss of a loved one through death is one of the most difficult situations that people must cope with. People need the support of others during their time of bereavement. Because of this, pastoral counseling plays a vital role in helping people overcome feelings of grief. It is important for pastoral counselors to be able to provide consolation and hope to those who are undergoing the process of bereavement. Death is a natural part of life because everyone eventually dies. As such, mourning is also a natural part of life. As stated in the Old Testament of the Bible, there is â€Å"a time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance† (Ecclesiastes 3:4, NRSV). Even Jesus Christ was known to express grief from time to time. For example, at the tomb of Lazarus (before raising him from death), Jesus is shown weeping alongside the other people gathered there (John 11:35). In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus said to his followers: â€Å"blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted† (Matthew 5:4). Despite these words of comfort in the Bible, grief is an extremely difficult thing for people to endure. The feelings of loss that come with grief are often compounded by other emotions such as guilt, denial, shock, fear, confusion, helplessness, depression, or anger. Grief is especially traumatic when the mourner had a close relationship with the de ceased. It is also especially difficult to cope with when the deathShow MoreRelated Grief Counseling Essay3179 Words   |  13 PagesGrief counseling is a division of social work that involves the interpersonal aspect of the social worker’s role as expert in coping with death. In this paper I will define grief counseling and some ways to cope with loss. Next I will discuss the history and seven stages of grief. There are two main forms of grievers which are intuitive and instrumental. In addition there are four major types of grief which are acute, anticipatory, sudden and complicated. The helping process is explained as wellRead MoreHealthy Grief Essay2372 Words   |  10 Pagesmay come into people’s lives. Losing loved ones by disease, accident, natural disaster, or experiencing personal trauma is very painful. The emotional, physical, and spiritual reaction in response to these tragedies is known as grief or grieving. Grief is a natural reaction to loss and at ti mes can be a very strong and overwhelming emotion. In this paper the writer will define and describe the model of grieving by the psychiatrist Elisabeth Kubler-Ross. Through the Biblical Story of Job, the writerRead MoreAfrican-American Cultural Beliefs Essay2402 Words   |  10 Pageshow physical distress is viewed. American culture often wants to minimize the distress and discomfort felt as a way of coping. However, some cultures may ignore the natural desire to minimize discomfort (Corr, 2009). The African-American culture is one such culture. African-Americans who are making end of life decisions often consider suffering to be honorable. Depending on their religious beliefs, suffering may be a way of identifying within their faith. To this end it is common for African-AmericansRead MoreHospice Care2199 Words   |  9 Pagesthings that are guaranteed in life are birth and death. It seems that every time I tell my husband that his drinking habits are going to be the death of h im one day. He always responds by saying â€Å"We’ve all got to day someday in one way or another, so why not enjoy life while you have it†. But in some cases the choices that we make will often determine whether we live to see the age of 90 verses just the age of 40 or 50. Nevertheless, whether it is death by a life full of bad choice, by accident, orRead MoreConcept Analysis on Spirituality Essays3140 Words   |  13 Pagesassessment†. Spirituality is an important concept in the health science. Many individuals are dissatisfied with medical treatment. In times of life threatening illness such as AIDS, Cancer, heart conditions individuals may experience frustration, anger and loss of hope. In order to meet the demand of illness many individuals used different coping strategies such as meditation, prayer and other spiritual practices.. Aims or Purposes Spirituality is an abstract concept and has many definitions because ofRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesany means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley

The Need to Study English as a Foreign Language Free Essays

WHY DO WE STUDY ENGLISH It is necessary to study at least one foreign language today. That’s why pupils have got such subject as a foreign language at school. The problem of learning foreign languages is very important today. We will write a custom essay sample on The Need to Study English as a Foreign Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now Foreign languages are socially demanded especially at the present time. We know that the progress in science and technology has led to an explosion of knowledge and has contributed to an overflow of information. The total knowledge of mankind is known to double every seven years. Foreign languages are needed as the main and the most efficient means of information exchange of the people of our planet. Today English is the language of the world. English isn’t only the national or official language of some thirty states, which represent different cultures, but it is also the major international language of communication in such areas as science, technology, business and mass entrainment. English is one of the official languages of the United Nations Organization and other political organizations. It is the language of literature, education, modern music and international tourism. I learn English because I understand that I can use it. As I’m going to work in the sphere of management in Electronic Equipment Trade, I think that it is very important for a specialist of high qualification to speak at least one foreign language. English is extremely necessary as it is the most popular language of international business communication. I learn English because I want to read foreign literature in the original. Besides, the English language is the language of the great literature. A lot of modern literature and many new films in English come out every year. If you know English, you can understand them without translation. No wonder that most educated people speak English fluently. I like to travel, but it is difficult to visit new places, when you don’t know the language of these countries. And it is much easier to travel when you know the language. If I want to ask something, I can do it in English. Today, one person in seven of the world’s population either knows English or learns it. So a modern and a cultured person must learn foreign languages. How to cite The Need to Study English as a Foreign Language, Papers

Cover letter revision free essay sample

Washington, DC 20520 Dear Sir or Madam: It has been a long time career objective of mine (no comma) to work for your agency as a Special Agent in the Bureau of Diplomatic Security Service. Over the several years that I have worked for the government, I have had the ability to work with numerous (so youre not repeating several again) of your Special Agents who have always presented themselves and your agency in a very professional manner (not manor).Although I know there are many federal law enforcement agencies within the united States, the members of your agency have left a positive, long lasting impression on me. This impression (instead of repeating the end of the prior sentence again) has pushed me to earn my bachelors degree in Homeland Security at Empire State University. This degree allows me to meet the qualifications for your current available position (l would be specific here and list the positions title as they most keel have multiple available positions). We will write a custom essay sample on Cover letter revision or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When I learned that you were currently accepting resumes I wanted to make sure that you received mine. (insert period to end run on sentence) I know that you have a high standard that I have seen and worked with several times during my career. (re- word, maybe: I have seen firsthand the high expectations your department has for its employees) I am well-qualified, with over ten years of law enforcement experience, Including conducting complex Investigations resulting In the protection or (of? Errors and property and I also maintain a top secret security clearance. I am seeking an opportunity to further build my career and take on new challenges. The attached rsum will illustrate my capabilities in delivering unrivaled value to your agency. I will gladly welcome a personal interview to discuss a position within your agency. I can be reached In confidence at the above telephone number or email address and look forward to hearing from you.

Theories of Consciousness free essay sample

Describes compares ideas assumptions of Marx, Weber, Durkheim, Karl Mannheim Freud on human consciousness, freedom knowledge in social context. Reductive Non-Reductive Perspectives on Consciousness: There are many theories that attempt to explain and model human consciousness, some of which focus on biology, others on psychology and there are others as well. The belief-desire thesis is a form of folk psychology that says the brain can only desire something that we believe is possible or true, whether we are conscious of that belief or not and that our beliefs and desires are based on our experiences of actual tangible sensations (Stich 4).

The eNotes Blog Back to the Future a Coping Mechanism for theApocalypse

Back to the Future a Coping Mechanism for theApocalypse Worried about the world collapsing in on itself this Saturday? How about believing in something thatll give you a 300-year grace period on  Armageddon instead? Blame it on the weatherman. Bad news: you were 297 years premature when you partied like it was 1999. Silver lining: youll survive the end of days. Thats right, if the Phantom Time Hypothesis is correct, the above scenario wont take place for another three centuries. Phew. According to the theory, the years between 614 and 911AD never existed. For this to be true, the history normally attributed to that time is either a misinterpretation or a deliberate falsification of the evidence. Dont believe it? Like any good conspiracy theory, this one comes with cold hard (you can take those adjectives with a pinch of salt, methinks) facts Due to a lack of archeological evidence and historical accounts of this time period, a man called Herman Illig developed the idea in 1990 that most of what we know of the Early Middle Ages had been deliberately falsified. The grounds for his hypothesis also lie in the shift from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, as well as the unbelievable history of Emperor Charlemagne. The bases of the hypothesis include: The apparent stagnation in the development of architecture, ceramics and thought as well as the lack of substantial documentary evidencethis is why the first part of this period is called the ‘Dark Ages’suggests this period simply didn’t exist. There is very little archaeological evidence which can be reliably dated to this period; our account is based on a quite limited number of written sources (which could be faked or just wrong). The Pope introduced the new Gregorian calendar in 1582 to replace the Julian one, when it was 10 days out of sync. If the error had been building up since the introduction of the Julian calendar in 45  ad, it ought to have been 13 days outso the intervening period must have been overstated by 300 years.  Mainstream historians have a simple explanation, though: the purpose of the change was to bring the calendar into line with the Council of Nicaea in 325  ad, not with 45 adwhich accounts for the discrepancy. Architect, astronomer, educator,  philologist,   folklorist, lawmaker, statesmanthe range of achievements credited to Charlemagne is so great that it implies he is a mythical figure. Dubious it is, though you may be more inclined to believe it now that the world is evidently coming to an end. Id post the arguments against the theory, but Id rather remain cheery on this, my final Monday. And to make you even cheerier, start the video below at the 30 minute mark to watch Qi quizmaster Stephen Fry et al make light of an implausible idea. So, Happy New Year 1715, and hurray for false history lessons! For further reading, take a look at these and decide on the verity of the Phantom Time Hypothesis for yourself: The Myth of Charlemagne QiTime (Phantom Time Hypothesis)

MPM DB3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MPM DB3 - Essay Example A project manager should be a team builder with the ability of facilitating the team to work in the right conditions. The right team is very important to enhance the meeting of expectations. The project manager must be decisive, considering the many decisions to be made everyday. He should have influential and have good negotiation skills, which will enable him in solving disputes that may arise while at work (Barry, 2010). A good project manager should also be a good planner, able to consider work schedules, manage resources, and meet deadlines. While all the qualities of a project manager are important to facilitate the success and effectiveness of this project, two aspects I think a very essential are visionary leadership and communication. This is because a project manager who has a vision will have knowledge in placing the right people in the right places so that the projects goals are achieved. He will also know how to sell the vision to the team, make them appreciate their roles in propagating the vision regardless of their position in the team, and even develop their own visions pertaining what is expected of them in achieving it. The visionary leader encourages and motivates, acts as a mentor and facilitates productivity, and these are crucial to success of any project. Communication will also be a very important aspect for the success of the project. Proper flow of communication initiated by the project manager to the team and among the team members is important if team work is to be enhanced and production is to be maximized. Investing in current technology is important as it facilitates communication regardless of location. The project manager should be able to ensure that there are proper mechanisms to control the flow of information and keep track of feed back (Syntel, Inc., 2012). This will facilitate agreement on all aspects across the board. It is important that for everything that is

International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

International Business Strategy - Essay Example Audi has been recording impressive growth in revenues and profitability due to its aggressive international expansion strategy that aims at attaining a global market leadership luxury vehicle market (Majaro, 2012, p 56). For instance, Audi recorded 4,440 million Euros in profits which were an increase of almost 69 percent of the previous year performance (Majaro, 2012, p 110). The paper will assess the international business strategy of Audi over the past five years and highlight the past failures and successes of the company. The paper will conduct as PESTLE analysis of the international markets of operation and identify how Audi has succeeded in effectively marketing its products in the international market. The paper will also assess the resource capability and competitive strengths of Audi in its international business strategy. International business strategy for the last five years Audi has followed a long-term expansion plan in to emerging markets for the last five years. The marketing strategies entail development of new markets and expansion of the existing European markets. Audi has relied on superior manufacturing technology in order to increase its market presence in emerging markets such as China and India (Majaro, 2012,p 45). Audi has also standardized its products across all the markets. Audi has invested heavily in development of Eastern Europe markets such as Russia and Latin America markets such Brazil and Mexico that will offer additional revenues and reduce the business risks in the European market. The rapid economic development in the emerging markets offers vital business opportunities for Audi especially Chinese and Indian markets that have witnessed high growth in industrialisation and high direct foreign investments. Global manufacturing and exportation Lock (2003) asserts that Audi deals with luxury-oriented car brands and has maintained sophisticated manufacturing technology in its international business strategy (p 90). Audi constan tly depend high quality cars that are fuel-conserving in order to offer the customers advanced and modern driving experience that resonates with the target market expectations (Peng, 2009, p 110). For Audi’s IngoLstadt plant produces the A3, A4 and Q5 vehicle models that attract a huge demand in China market. The German manufacturing plant that is based at Neckarsulm manufacturers more advanced cars such as the A7, A8, RS6 and R8 models that are innovative and have high performance-levels. In addition, Audi relies on the Gyor plant that is located in Hungary to manufacture the Audi’s engines for the small car line such as Audi TT and Audi TT roadster. Audi has also expanded its manufacturing centers to China and has established a manufacturing center at Changchun that mainly produced the car models that are desired by the local market such as A6L and Q5 vehicles. Surprisingly, Audi expanded further in the European market through establishing new plants in Spain where t he Q3 model is manufactured and sold to the adjacent European countries such as Slovensko. Audi has easy access to manufacturing technology and can convert the raw metal materials in to blank parts through the Audi production systems that improve the quality of the processing process (Loch, 2003, p 223). Audi has also used exportation to enter the international markets such as African countries and Middle East countries.

Analysis of Gordon Browns Leadership

Analysis of Gordon Browns Leadership Gordon Brown with his ‘government of all the talents’ and his promise to listen suggests he prefers a Cabinet form of Government over Prime Ministerial Government. What has been his record to date in exercising his prime ministerial powers? Illustrate with reference to the practice of the past three Prime Ministers and decide whether it is a positive or negative development. Introduction Upon becoming Prime Minister in June 2007, Gordon Brown gave strong indications that he would change the political culture in Britain. Among those promises, he pledged to govern with a â€Å"government of all the talents†, seeking consultation and advice from outside the traditional Labour Party sources. (BBC, 2007) Since then, the Prime Minister has also stated his preference for a more cabinet form of Government as opposed to a strong Prime Ministerial Government common in the Blair and Thatcher periods. (Rentoul, p552) Does Gordon Brown’s record show a preference for consultation, has Parliament been given more power in the running of Government or has Gordon Brown reverted to the strong autocratic style of leadership that he was often accused of during his time as Chancellor? This essay will examine Gordon Brown’s short reign as Prime Minister, looking closely at his use of Prime Ministerial powers in Government. The work will explore the extent to which the present Labour Cabinet has strong influence over decisions and policies, and whether Gordon Brown has strengthened Parliament by transferring some of the traditional Prime Ministerial powers to the legislature. In order to judge Gordon Brown’s record, it is necessary to compare the actions and records of the previous three UK Prime Ministers, Tony Blair, John Major and Margaret Thatcher. Each Prime Minister differed in their use of Prime Ministerial powers, influenced by the political situation and their own style and personality. By giving strong examples of cabinet or Prime Ministerial Government we may better understand their meaning, as well as better judging Gordon Brown’s record and style of Government. Finally we shall attempt to conclude whether Gordon Brown has brought ab out a more Cabinet form of Government, and if so, judge if this has been a positive or negative development for Government and the Country. Chapter One In Gordon Brown’s first address to the House of Commons as Prime Minister, he indicated that his Premiership was one that would increase the power of Parliament in such vital areas as declaring war, signing International treaties and approving public appointments. This was part of his plan to devolve power, which included proposals to start de-centralising power across the UK, allowing UK citizens and councils more influence in Government. The Prime Minister has in many ways delivered on some of his promises to rule with a â€Å"government of all the talents† appointing Labour outsiders such as Sir Digby Jones and setting up the National Economic Council. (Bagehot, 2008) These actions however, do not necessarily mean that Gordon Brown has brought in a new period of cabinet Government however. Cabinet Government refers to the UK Prime Minister ruling in conjunction with his or her Cabinet, sharing responsibility and power but remaining first among equals. Prime Ministeri al Government refers to the Prime Minister dominating the executive, making all the major policy decisions without always consulting with or taking the advice of the Cabinet. (Jones, 2005, p.27) Does Gordon Brown’s record suggest that he rules in co-operation with his Cabinet or does he make the major decisions without their contribution? The first few months of the Brown era were a relative success for the Government. The change of leader helped Labour recover public support, and Gordon Brown gave a successful image as a strong and experienced leader. Policies were put forward to restore Cabinet Government, the party was united and the PM appears to have consulted the Cabinet whilst remaining firmly in control. This was a change from the Blair period of Government, in which a strong Prime Ministerial form of Leadership existed, with outside unelected advisors exercising more power and influence on the PM than the elected Cabinet members. (Rentoul, 2001, p.536) Although the strong leadership of Blair and the unity of the party had been in many ways responsible for their electoral success, Blair’s weakening of Cabinet power and autocratic leadership led Britain into an unpopular and, for the Labour parties’ popularity, disastrous war in Iraq. Gordon Brown entered office with the promise of restoring Cabinets importance, and lessening the influence of outsiders such as Alistair Campbell, who during the Blair years appeared to be the real deputy Leader, rather than the elected John Prescott. (Stephens, 2004, p.180) Brown then, seemed to be promoting a style of Government personified by John Major. During Majors time as PM Cabinet meetings were transformed from meetings where Mrs Thatcher would inform the cabinet of her policies and demand obedience into genuine forums for debate and deliberation. Important issues were discussed, free debate was encouraged and arguments were common. This was extremely popular within Government, as suggested in Dick Leonards â€Å"A Century of Premiers†. â€Å"Major has restored Cabinet Government† (Leonard, 2005, p.333) In the first few months, Gordon Brown did successfully lead in a Cabinet style of Government. The aftermath and response to several failed terrorist attacks were handled by Cabinet figures such as Jacqui Smith, who liaised with the public and the Muslim Community. In both the crisis with Northern Rock and the flooding in rural areas Brown employed the full talents of his Ministers rather than attempting to micromanage every situation. (Freedland, 2007) Brown was popular with both the party and the public; it seemed that the return of Cabinet Government was beneficial for the Government and the Nation. In many ways Major and Brown inherited the Leadership under similar situations. Neither man had the commanding Parliamentary majority of Thatcher or Blair at their peak, and had to by necessity rely more on the support of their Cabinet. (Foley, 2002, p.33) Like Major, Brown has also had to deal with a resurgent opposition which for the first time in years appears to be ahead in the polls. This led to Brown’s first major crisis; in September and October 2007 Brown hinted that he would call an election to fully legitimise his Leadership, as he did not face a leadership election to become Prime Minister. However Brown decided not to go ahead with an election, with many suggesting that he was worried by the Tories lead in the opinion polls. (Robinson, 2007) From this point on Brown became steadily less popular with the Country and the party, as subsequent crises and Browns apparent lack of charisma and leadership chipping away at support for the Government. Despite this however, many would suggest that this has not caused Gordon Brown to abandon Cabinet Government. On the contrary, Gordon Brown has continued to consult and debate with his Cabinet on the major issues, allowing such figures as David Milliband and Jacqui Smith to emerge as possible future leaders of the Labour Party. Although Gordon Brown has consulted with many outside forces and attempted to build a more consensual form of British politics, even offering Paddy Ashdown a position in Government, (Woodward, 2007) this has not led to the marginalisation of the Cabinet. Margaret Thatcher’s preference for unelected advisors, such as Sir Alan Walters, over Cabinet Members helped bring about her downfall, making her believe she was infallible and isolating potentially loyal Ministers, as suggested by Leonard. â€Å"She acted as a virtual dictator, reducing the role of the Cabinet to that of a supporters club†. (Leonard, 2005, p.313) It did however, give Thatcher t he image of a strong Leader, one that could make important decisions decisively without having to consult or procrastinate. Unfortunately some of the decisions she made without consulting the Cabinet, such as the poll tax were disastrous for her and the Tory Party. Tony Blair did not marginalise or reduce his Cabinet to such a lowly level; however he did, as we have mentioned, surround himself with an inner circle of advisors, many of them outsiders like Alistair Campbell, and relied more heavily on their advice than that of his Cabinet. His style of leadership was also similar to Thatcher’s in that he tried to dominate and manage every important situation, with the notable exception of those issues that came under his Chancellors office. (Rentoul, 2001, p.249) Although the most successful Labour leader in history, Blair’s decisions and style of leadership were ultimately responsible for his clearly begrudging resignation. Despite following a more Cabinet orientated approach to Government, Gordon Brown has found that this does not necessarily guarantee loyalty during difficult times. There have been widespread rumours about a possible leadership challenge, with many Labour MPs talking to the press about their desire to see Gordon Brown step down. By giving his Cabinet power and responsibility Gordon Brown has allowed some of the bigger personalities, such as Milliband, to grow in status, so much so that many Labour MPs considered him a possible replacement. Chapter Two In our previous chapter we presented the argument that Gordon Brown has brought back a more Cabinet orientated form of Government. In Chapter two we will look at ways in which Gordon Brown has in fact maintained a Prime Ministerial form of Leadership, along with the negative consequences this has brought about. We will also attempt to evaluate Gordon Brown’s record, and come to a conclusion whether it has been a positive or negative development in relation to the three previous Prime Ministers reigns. At the beginning of Brown’s premiership, the Prime Minister made pledges to bring about more Parliamentary powers and increase executive accountability, a clear reference to Tony Blair’s decision to launch an unpopular war. (Stephens, 2005, p239) However so far, these pledges have remained in the formation stage. The Premier still retains ultimate authority on issues of national security, international treaties and appointments. Perhaps in the future these pledges will be passed in Parliament, however till that day the Prime Minister will retain a large degree of executive control. Since Brown has been in office little legislation actually transferring power away from the Executive has passed through Parliament. In many respects Brown has pushed through his own agenda, bypassing the reservations or objections of his Cabinet, as well as ruthlessly disposing of any Ministers that have dared to challenge his authority. (Bagehot, 2008) The ten pence tax rate cut was widely criticised by the media and opposition, and eventually forced the Government to backtrack. It was introduced in the 2007 budget by Brown, who insisted on implementing it despite the fact that it hit those on low incomes, natural Labour supporters. This disaster was a direct result of Gordon Brown forcing an unpopular policy into being despite the opposition of many in the Party. Despite the large size of the Cabinet, the Prime Minister has ensured that those in the top jobs are those with a proven track record for loyally supporting Brown throughout his years as Chancellor. Those supporters or suspected supporters of Tony Blair have largely been marginalised, not allowed near the more important Ministerial positions. Those Ministers who have resisted his policies or have spoken for the need of a new leader have been dropped for more loyal, pliant personnel. (Helm, 2008)) In the most important sphere of influence, the economy, the Chancellor Alistair Darling appears to operate with far less independence and power than Brown did under Blair, indeed although we may say that Tony Blair operated a â€Å"Presidential† style of Leadership, he went out of his way to appease his Chancellor. Gordon Brown does not have any figure powerful or independent enough to build a sphere of influence within Government as Brown did previously. (Leonard, 2005, p355-358) Reg ardless of the press and several Labour MPs promotion of David Milliband, Brown remains without peer in terms of gravitas, influence and experience within the party. Despite his smaller majority, Brown has also shown that he is able to force unpopular legislation through Parliamentary and Cabinet opposition, most notably in the case of the 42 day detention issue. The intense opposition in his Party, with alleged deals being made to get the bill passed, along with opposition condemnation suggests that Gordon Brown was not concerned with giving Parliament new powers related to national security. In relation to Iraq although some British troops have been pulled out of the Country, British troops remain in both Iraq and Afghanistan, again despite the opposition of many in the party. That there is no opposition in the Cabinet is perhaps testament to the loyalty of those Gordon Brown has chosen, rather than there being complete unity. Developments in the Brown Government: Positive or Negative? In the last Chapter we have demonstrated that the Brown Leadership is not yet a perfect example of Cabinet Government. The Cabinet consists mainly of Brown loyalists, the Prime Minister has forced through many unpopular policies and as of yet has failed to deliver the legislation that would make a Cabinet Government a long term possibility. However despite these criticisms Gordon Brown has run a more Cabinet Government than either Tony Blair or Margaret Thatcher. It will be difficult for the Prime Minister to backtrack on legislation that will give more power to Parliament, and he has demonstrated in many of the crises that he is willing to share power and responsibility with the more senior Cabinet members. The large size and broad range of the Cabinet also suggests that Brown is less likely to rely on a small clique of outsiders for advice, as did Thatcher and Blair. In recent months Brown has also shown that he is willing to accept Blair loyalists into the Cabinet, as we have seen with the appointment of Peter Mandelson. (Sparrow, 2008) It is the opinion of this essay that despite the serious problems of the Labour Party this has been a positive development. Although there has been limited use of the talents of opposition party personnel, a Government of all the talents has the potential to change the confrontational, winner takes all style of British Politics. In a time of severe economic crisis there is a need to take advantage of all available talent and ability. History has shown that although a strong Prime Ministerial Government can be initially popular, if the Leader believes it is unnecessary to consult with their Cabinet then they can make serious errors of judgement. If Margaret Thatcher had listened to her Cabinet perhaps there would have been no poll tax, nor would relations with Europe be so damaged by Thatcher’s strident anti European speeches. (Riddell, 1991, pp.184-187) Ultimately though, a more Cabinet form of Government means a more democratic, accountable Government, one that is more likely to grant Parliament a greater role in the more important aspects of Government. A larger Cabinet made up of representatives from across the board is also more representative of the nation itself. If ideas and policies can be discussed, deliberated and argued out by a professional, representative and broad Cabinet then perhaps there will be less chance of the Government enacting policies that are popular and logical only to the Prime Minister and a close circle of unrepresentative outsiders. Conclusion This essay has demonstrated that since taking office Gordon Brown has led a Cabinet Government similar to that of John Major, rather than the more Prime Ministerial approach of both Margaret Thatcher and Tony Blair. The essay has also shown that Brown’s leadership style does still contain elements of the Prime Ministerial form of Government, especially in regards to forcing through unpopular pet projects originating from when Brown was Chancellor. However, despite his reputation as a â€Å"Stalinist† leader Brown has shown surprising flexibility, an ability to consult with those outside the traditional Labour party sphere as well as demonstrating trust in the more senior members of his Cabinet. If Brown remains Prime Minister for the foreseeable future then we are likely to see legislation that will strengthen both Cabinet Government and Parliament itself. In the new economic climate and looming recession these policies might herald a new age of not only Cabinet Government, but a more consensual and cross party form of British Politics. The emergence of a Cabinet Government is undoubtedly then a positive sign for the future. Bibliography Foley, Michael â€Å"John Major, Tony Blair and a Conflict of leadership: Collision Course† (Manchester University Press, Manchester and New York, 2002) Jones, Bill â€Å"Politics UK† (Harlow, Pearson, Longman, London, 2006) Leonard, Dick â€Å"A Century of Premiers: From Salisbury to Blair† (Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2005) Rentoul, John â€Å"Tony Blair: Prime Minister† (Time Warner, London, 2001) Riddell, Peter â€Å"The Thatcher Era and its Legacy† (Blackwell, Oxford UK and Cambridge USA, 1991) Stephens, Philip â€Å"Tony Blair: The making of a World Leader† (Viking, New York, 2004) Newspapers Bagehot â€Å"Gordon Brown’s Recovery: A War on two Fronts† Economist, 9/10/2008, p.27 Helm, Toby â€Å"Left Winger Cruddas in Think Tank challenge† Guardian, 12/10/2008 Freedland, Jonathan – â€Å"Who is Gordon Brown?† The New York Review of Books, Volume 54, Number 16, October 25 2007. Sparrow, Andrew â€Å"Gordon Brown defends decision to bring Peter Mandelson back into government† Guardian, 03/10/2008 Woodward, Will â€Å"Ashdown turns down job in Brown cabinet† Guardian, 21/06/2007, p2 Internet Brown is UK’s New Prime Minister – BBC News – 27/06/2007, accessed 06/11/2008 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6245682.stm Robinson, Nick â€Å"Brown rules out Autumn Election† BBC News – 06/10/2007, accessed 06/11/2008 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7031749.stm

Unit Three – Marketing P3

Marketing Research Market research indicates decisions made by a business, in this case Tesco, by helping the decision makers understand undercurrents of its market. This process involves research done on customers, competitors and the overall marketing environment. For example, when Tesco is promoting a product, they need to know the likes and dislikes of their targeted consumers in order to target the correct market successfully. They would also be required to research about their competitors, to find out if by any chance they offered a product that was similar, and how they would differentiate their product from it.Also, as an overall, they would be required to research the environment of the market, as well as the size of their target market, in order to decide how they are going to offer the product to the consumers. Example: sold in store, online, or both. Primary and Secondary Research There are two types of research: †¢Primary Research †¢Secondary Research Informati on for these types of research can be done internally – within the organization, or externally, from another organization or source of information outside the organization, in this case Tesco.When information or data is gathered for a certain purpose and has not been gathered before is known is primary research. Internal primary research data source could consist of: †¢The business’s sales figures of products †¢A central database holding customer data External primary research data source could consist of: †¢Various questionnaires and surveys †¢A variety of focus groups and interviews †¢Observation techniques When data or information that has been collected before, either internally or externally, is used for research is known as secondary research. Another name for secondary research is ‘desk research’.Internal secondary research data source could consist of: †¢Sales and regional reports †¢Market research gathered in the past External secondary research data source could consist of: †¢Websites and trade journals †¢Newspapers and books †¢Public reports †¢Census data †¢Industry reports For business like Tesco that operate in many different fields, secondary research is more cost-effective, before they decide to conduct primary research. This allows Tesco to have a better understanding of the market, as well as recognize any major obstacles before conducting expensive research.Secondary research also allows them to make assumptions based on similar products and therefore, once primary research is conducted, it can be used against the assumptions to evaluate and compare. This will help indicate how much primary research they are required to do and therefore they don’t end up doing too much that is not required. However, Tesco is required to take the limitation of secondary research into consideration: †¢The information may be outdated †¢The information may be b iased in order to promote particular causes †¢The methods used to collect the research may be unreliable.Qualitative and Quantitative Research Research methods can be qualitative, quantitive or can include both methods. Well-planned market research consists of both methods in order to result with a good combination of information revealing different things about the same market. Qualitative research is one-sided and normally unrestricted. It normally is gathered through interviews with customers or focus groups and therefore result in a wide range of research based on personal experiences and feelings.A qualitative question allows the individual go give a broad answer and not based against options. Qualitative research can be used to: †¢Find the perceptions of customers about an organization or brand. †¢Discover how changes in price and other factors affect customers and spending decisions. †¢Explore customer preference, interests and other factors. Quantitative research involves numbers and figures that can be examined mathematically or graphically. This may consist of sales figures, market values, etc. , as well as responses from customers on questionnaires.This is only categorized as quantitative research if the responses from the customers a chosen from series of answers provided on the questionnaire. The difference between quantitative and qualitative research: QuantitativeQualitative ObjectiveSubjective Tests theoryDevelops theory Concise and narrowComplex and broad Measurable Interpretive Basic analysis: NumbersBasic analysis: words and ideas Logical and reasonableDialectic Establishes relationshipsDescribes meaning Experimental settingNatural setting Uses of marketing researchThe information collected for market research prevents businesses like Tesco making wrong business decisions. If the product designer for Tesco progresses a new product without market research, then the business is not moving forward on reliable sources and the refore are unaware if customers are interested in the product or not. This indicates, effective market research improves the chances of success and reduces the risks. Tesco’s can also measure progress effectively over time. This can be done by, carrying out market research, to found out the awareness of the product before managing national advertising campaigns.Once they have conducted the research, they can put their national advertising campaigns into action and again conduct research and compare the two. Therefore, this indicates, market research can be used to measure progress as well as the effects of marketing activities. Limitations of market research – costs, effectiveness and validity of data collected Weather market research is done at a small or large scale, any time is required to be performed accurately and appropriately otherwise it gives irrelevant results.All market research conducted has the chances of being wrong no matter how well controlled and plan ned. There are various reasons why market research may not provide accurate or good results but a usual problem is deciding whether the research conducted really measures what it claims to be measuring. Marketers for Tesco are required to decide how reliable the information they have obtained is. Also they need to take into consideration, if the research contained had different respondents or different set of data points, would the results be similar.Validity refers to whether the research conducted is what it intended to be. Validity involves dependability, which means, a valid measure must be reliable. But, reliability doesn’t have to link to validity, a reliable measure is not required to be valid. The difference between reliability and validity: †¢Reliability guesses the point to which an tool processes the same way each time it is used in under the same conditions with the same subjects. †¢Validity involves the point of accuracy of your measurement.For organiza tions like Tesco’s, validity is considered more important than reliability because if a process does not precisely measure what it is supposed to, there is no use of it and therefore it being reliable is useless. Costs are also an essential consideration for Tesco when carrying out market research, as they are required to take into consideration if they money spent is worth the research undertaken and its potential benefits to the product, as well as the organization. A lot of time, effort and money can be spent on market research and in the end the solution discovered might not be worth implementing.

Fast Food Industry in U.S Essay

A variety of different regulations have been set for people that are concerned with tobacco either on a personal level or commercially. Tobacco is associated with damages and thus it has been attacked by medical authorities and social observers. The fast food industry is no exception since it has also contributed to different damages to people’s health. Obesity is just one of the many ailments caused by fast food joints. FDA has made sure that regulations are set and implemented to protect people from damages that tobacco cause. FDA and Tobacco Regulation have some policies that prevent the families from smoking (McGrew, 2008). There is a control act for Tobacco that requires changes to be made to the labeling and advertising of various tobacco products. This act regulates all the advertising to ensure that information passed to people through advertisements is controlled. I think strict regulations should be put in place for the fast food industry. All fast food joints should ensure that their menus have healthier diets. Through advertising, advice can be given to people about their eating so that people can make informed choices on healthy foods. Just like the Tobacco control act, fast foods should post their menus or readable signs of the contents of various foods in terms of how many calories, saturated fat and carbohydrate a diet contain (Tom Paulson, 2008). This menu board can be placed in a readable place inside the restaurant so that when a person makes a choice of food, he or she can be aware of what is being consumed. Tobacco has been subjected to a regulatory control on its production. King James expressed his opinion towards Tobacco production and consumption. He said that tobacco was loathsome to people eyes, it was hateful to people’s nose, it brought harm to the brain and it was a big danger to people’s lung. This statement explains the most specific damages that Tobacco causes to the entire body. The above statement by the King also applies to fast foods. Meat consumption is viewed just as dangerous as Tobacco is to the public health. The people that can be held accountable legally for unhealthy lifestyles are meat producers and the fast food outlets. The fast food industry should be legally accountable for obesity. Living longer does not mean leaving healthier. There has been a great shift between what people eat and where they get their food from. Economic and public health continues to suffer the consequences brought by obesity and a question is raised who can be held accountable. This question is similar to the issue related to illnesses caused by tobacco which is another public health problem. There are different lawsuits brought against fast food industries like McDonald just like tobacco industries was earlier faced by the same disparaging reaction (Michelle M. Mello, 2007). The responsibility of the harm smoking causes was squarely laid on the tobacco industry by the public. These claims were solved by some tight regulations which have ensured the control of tobacco products to date. Fast food offer bad foods but the biggest problem is that a number of people seem not to disregard this fact despite knowing it. The industry tends to do just fine because their unhealthy foods continue to be consumed. For this reason they do not find the need for implementing policies but on the contrary this should be a prime reason as to why they should regulate the industry in a similar way to tobacco industries. My suggestion would be if people must eat these fast foods then they should know the best and the worst so that the role of making the choice can be left on the customer not the vendor. Why fast food industries should have similar policies to tobacco industry is because it has the same damages to the public health. Fast foods have faced claims from different customers in regard to the products produced. Consumption of these products has caused: obesity which has lead to diabetes, heart diseases due to excess fats, high blood pressure, high cholesterol intake and other health effects. The public have claimed that some fast food industries have engaged in advertising that is deceiving, low quality sales and promotions. Fast food has also been accused of producing food that is unreasonably unsafe, and lacking to inform customers on the dangers of these products. There is a rising level of obesity in the world today and the cause is found in the way our food is being grown, processed and packaged (Brownell, 2009). Fast food industry should adapt the marketing and the tactics in lobbying that are used by the tobacco industries. The tobacco industry used legal, political and business strategies tactic due to the concern that the industry had to the public health. Fast foods should employ these same regulations that the tobacco giants employed. The public should be informed about the link that exists between various fast food products and diseases. The doubts that the public has regarding to fast food products should be cleared through intensive marketing especially to the target consumers and in the fast food case it’s the children, adolescents and young adults. Just like tobacco is addictive fast foods can also cause an addiction especially to people who dislike cooking at home or mostly live alone in their homes. The industry should embrace regulations since a great concern has been raised about fast food and how they are advertising their products and selling unhealthy food to school children. Food industry should take up only the good policies that the tobacco industry used and leave the deceptive path. References Brownell, K. (2009, April 8). Food Industry Pursues the strategy of Big Tobacco. anvironment 360 . McGrew, J. L. (2008). History of Tobacco Regulation. Washington D. C. Michelle M. Mello, E. B. (2007). The Fast Food Industry and Legal Accountability. The McLawsuit . Tom Paulson, P. R. (2008, December 31). Fast food chains must post fat, calories. Retrieved March 2012, 2012, from County’s new rules aim at healthier eating: http://www. seattlepi. com/local/article/Fast-food-chains-must-post-fat-calori.

Types And Regional Distribution And Frequency Of...

i. Abstract Numerous extinct spreading centres are found within the world’s ocean basins and these record instances of spreading cessation or migration that provide valuable insights into the mechanism of heat-loss from the mantle and plate tectonic behaviour. This study presents the first comprehensive review of all reported extinct ridges and investigates their characteristics and regional distribution and frequency of occurrence over the last ~170 Myr as recorded in present-day preserved oceanic crust. The axial morphology, gravity signal and crustal structure of extinct ridges are evaluated by generating across-axis profiles through global datasets (IHO - IOC 2014; Sandwell et al. 2014) for individual ridge segments. Information on the spreading-rates, time of cessation and duration of spreading prior to cessation was collating information from previous studies. The potential geodynamic influences on the lifespan and activity of mid-ocean ridges were investigated by evaluating the rel ationship of extinct ridges to hotspots at their time of extinction using GPlates (Boyden et al. 2011) and a global reconstruction (Seton et al. 2012). Global examples are investigated to assess similarities or differences and to determine the ‘characteristic’ signal of extinct ridges. Ridges were classified according to the quality of constraints into a primary, secondary or tertiary tier that dictated their inclusion in the quantitative analysis undertaken. Spreading centre subtype is